![]() Italy offers Trial Online, which is essentially both an electronic filing system and a case management system. The United Kingdom runs Money Claim Online (MCOL), a service that allows a claim to be instituted online against two people at most who owe up to a maximum of £100,000 that they refuse to pay. Additionally, other countries within the European Union have incorporated certain technologies into their adjudication of justice, such as the United Kingdom, Italy and Spain. The European Union also offers two other cyberjustice services, namely e-CODEX, which simplifies cross-border litigations by providing access to electronic delivery services, electronic signatures, electronic payments, electronic authentication and electronic documents, and e-CURIA, which is essentially just an e-filing system. The European Union, for example has created the e-Justice Portal through which legislation case law and legal information may be accessed. Several other international initiatives have been made. Cyberjustice initiatives Ĭyberjustice has been integrated into the legal systems of several jurisdictions worldwide, including as of 2019 the European Union, Australia, the United States of America, and Canada. Finally, cyber-arbitration is different from the preceding two types of dispute resolution in that it is adjudicatory, and therefore must adhere to specified formal rules, as well as that parties never contact one another but rather communicate via an arbitrator. For its part, cyber-mediation will often be an alternative where cyber-mediation was unfruitful and it involves a third party’s intervention to assist the parties in reaching an agreement. The first can be classified as either assisted, which employs technologies for the purposes of communication, agenda development and adoption of solutions, or automated, where specialized software acts as a negotiator between the parties. Several mechanism for this type of electronic dispute resolution are available, namely cyber- negotiation, cyber- mediation and cyber- arbitration. In addition to the use of technology for the purposes of litigation, the term cyberjustice also encompasses the domain of online dispute resolution, whose aim is to aid in the resolution of disputes prior to having to resort to the courts. ![]() Once a case has been finalized and has become public information, these court records as well as judgements can be made available electronically to members of the public. Furthermore, many jurisdictions allow for the discovery of documents to be done electronically through the use of electronic discovery systems. ![]() ![]() Additionally, throughout the entire process there is what is known as an electronic case management system available to the parties, their lawyers and judges, that allow them to keep track of what is taking place in the case through the Internet and permit them to file court documents and proceedings electronically or access information relative to the case. For example, there are several electronic courtrooms that have integrated information and communications technologies such as video-conferencing, holographic evidence presentation technology or other communications technologies in addition to various systems or applications meant to aid in the conduction of the proceedings as well as the presentation of evidence. Several electronic services are available in various court systems worldwide. One of the most crucial goals of cyberjustice is increasing access to justice through both reducing the costs associated with administering justice as well as reducing the burden on the judges and the court system as a whole. Incorporation of technology into the various protocols of a justice systemĬyberjustice is the incorporation of technology into the justice system, either through offering court services electronically or through the use of electronics within courtrooms or for other dispute resolution purposes.
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